Concepts
Editor

6min
All of the behaviors, content and state of a Slate editor is rolled up into a single, top-level Editor object. It has an interface of:
TypeScript
interface Editor {
  children: Node[]
  selection: Range | null
  operations: Operation[]
  marks: Record<string, any> | null
  // Schema-specific node behaviors.
  isInline: (element: Element) => boolean
  isVoid: (element: Element) => boolean
  normalizeNode: (entry: NodeEntry) => void
  onChange: () => void

  // Overrideable core actions.
  addMark: (key: string, value: any) => void
  apply: (operation: Operation) => void
  deleteBackward: (unit: 'character' | 'word' | 'line' | 'block') => void
  deleteForward: (unit: 'character' | 'word' | 'line' | 'block') => void
  deleteFragment: () => void
  insertBreak: () => void
  insertFragment: (fragment: Node[]) => void
  insertNode: (node: Node) => void
  insertText: (text: string) => void
  removeMark: (key: string) => void
}
interface Editor {
  children: Node[]
  selection: Range | null
  operations: Operation[]
  marks: Record<string, any> | null
  // Schema-specific node behaviors.
  isInline: (element: Element) => boolean
  isVoid: (element: Element) => boolean
  normalizeNode: (entry: NodeEntry) => void
  onChange: () => void

  // Overrideable core actions.
  addMark: (key: string, value: any) => void
  apply: (operation: Operation) => void
  deleteBackward: (unit: 'character' | 'word' | 'line' | 'block') => void
  deleteForward: (unit: 'character' | 'word' | 'line' | 'block') => void
  deleteFragment: () => void
  insertBreak: () => void
  insertFragment: (fragment: Node[]) => void
  insertNode: (node: Node) => void
  insertText: (text: string) => void
  removeMark: (key: string) => void
}
﻿
It is slightly more complex than the others, because it contains all of the top-level functions that define your custom, domain-specific behaviors.
The children property contains the document tree of nodes that make up the editor's content.
The selection property contains the user's current selection, if any.
The operations property contains all of the operations that have been applied since the last "change" was flushed. (Since Slate batches operations up into ticks of the event loop.)
The marks property stores formatting to be applied when the editor inserts text. If marks is null, the formatting will be taken from the current selection.
Overriding Behaviors
In previous guides we've already hinted at this, but you can override any of the behaviors of an editor by overriding its function properties.
For example, if you want to define link elements that are inline nodes:
JS
const { isInline } = editor

editor.isInline = element => {
  return element.type === 'link' ? true : isInline(element)
}
const { isInline } = editor

editor.isInline = element => {
  return element.type === 'link' ? true : isInline(element)
}
﻿
Or maybe you want to override the insertText behavior to "linkify" URLs:
JS
const { insertText } = editor

editor.insertText = text => {
  if (isUrl(text)) {
    // ...
    return
  }

  insertText(text)
}
const { insertText } = editor

editor.insertText = text => {
  if (isUrl(text)) {
    // ...
    return
  }

  insertText(text)
}
﻿
Or you can even define custom "normalizations" that take place to ensure that links obey certain constraints:
JS
const { normalizeNode } = editor

editor.normalizeNode = entry => {
  const [node, path] = entry

  if (Element.isElement(node) && node.type === 'link') {
    // ...
    return
  }

  normalizeNode(entry)
}
const { normalizeNode } = editor

editor.normalizeNode = entry => {
  const [node, path] = entry

  if (Element.isElement(node) && node.type === 'link') {
    // ...
    return
  }

  normalizeNode(entry)
}
﻿
Whenever you override behaviors, be sure to call the existing functions as a fallback mechanism for the default behavior. Unless you really do want to completely remove the default behaviors (which is rarely a good idea).
🤖 For more info, check out the Editor Instance Methods to Override API Reference﻿﻿
Helper Functions
The Editor interface, like all Slate interfaces, exposes helper functions that are useful when implementing certain behaviors. There are many, many editor-related helpers. For example:
JS
// Get the start point of a specific node at path.
const point = Editor.start(editor, [0, 0])

// Get the fragment (a slice of the document) at a range.
const fragment = Editor.fragment(editor, range)
// Get the start point of a specific node at path.
const point = Editor.start(editor, [0, 0])

// Get the fragment (a slice of the document) at a range.
const fragment = Editor.fragment(editor, range)
﻿
There are also many iterator-based helpers, for example:
JS
// Iterate over every node in a range.
for (const [node, path] of Editor.nodes(editor, { at: range })) {
  // ...
}

// Iterate over every point in every text node in the current selection.
for (const point of Editor.positions(editor)) {
  // ...
}
// Iterate over every node in a range.
for (const [node, path] of Editor.nodes(editor, { at: range })) {
  // ...
}

// Iterate over every point in every text node in the current selection.
for (const point of Editor.positions(editor)) {
  // ...
}
﻿
🤖 For more info, check out the Editor Static Methods API Reference﻿﻿
﻿
Updated 08 May 2024
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